Research
Addiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder
George F. Koob
In this Frontiers in Psychiatry review, George F. Koob (Scripps Research Institute) frames addiction as a three-stage cycle: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation, driven by allostatic (progressively shifting baseline) changes in the brain's reward and stress systems.
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